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~ DOSNIX.DOC (this file) has been keyed for use with HELP.BAT and READ. For on-line help merely type "help" and the name of the subject with which you want help. To search for subjects while in READ, begin the search string with a ~ (tilde). For help from anywhere on your system, READ.EXE and HELP.BAT should be in a directory pointed to by the PATH command and you should put the full path name for DOSNIX.DOC in HELP.BAT. For example: READ +\~%1 C:\DOSNIX\DOSNIX.DOC HELP INDEX Introduction LS General MV STDIN MVDIR STDOUT READ Commmands RM APP RN CAT SGREP CHMOD SPLIT CLR TEE CP TOLOWER CPDIR TOUCH DB TOUPPER EDC WC FFIND Registration GET ~introduction DOSNIX ver. 1.2j Copyr. 1990,1991 by G. Vrooman All rights reserved. DOSNIX is a collection of UNIX style file management and text utilities which will increase the power and flexibility of your system. DOSNIX provides many of the features which UNIX users take for granted along with some features not even found on UNIX systems. It is not a UNIX clone but it is very compatible with UNIX conventions. Users who are familiar with UNIX will have no trouble learning DOSNIX. Other users may find DOSNIX a good tool for learning UNIX. Some of the programs included with DOSNIX are: CHMOD - This version of the UNIX CHMOD command has been adapted to work with MSDOS file attributes. It will allow you to change the attributes of any file and allow you to create read only, hidden and system files. CLR - A utility which will allow you to customize your screen colors from the command line. CLR will work properly with or without ANSI.SYS. CP - The UNIX counterpart of the DOS COPY command. CP will allow you to copy hidden and system files, and the DOSNIX version will not overwrite existing files without warning you. CP can handle wild cards and multiple arguments and will even allow you to format a new floppy disk if the first one gets filled up. CP also has options to utilize the archive bit or to copy files interactively. DB - The famous "delete but" command will delete all except specified files. This command is not UNIX but it is a great tool for cleaning up around ZIP, ARC and other archive files. EDC - Easy Directory Change. This utility will allow you to change directories without typing out long path names. EDC can also be used to display a visual directory tree on your screen. FFIND - FFIND is a file locator in the tradition of the UNIX FIND command. Although FFIND does not have the power and scope of the UNIX version, it is much easier to use. FFIND will locate files on any drive and will accept wild cards. It will also locate hidden and system files and has options to remove unwanted files. LS - The venerable UNIX directory lister. LS has been spruced up and given another sort and two new display modes. LS will now display directories sorted by file size as well as name, extension or date. LS can list files in one, two, four or five column formats, sorted by row or by column, and offers a choice of upper or lower case output. LS also offers reverse sorting and a choice of switch characters. Default options can be set from the environment. MV - A fast powerful file mover, MV is used to relocate files without performing separate COPY and DEL commands. MV can be used to move files to any directory or to any drive. MVDIR - The UNIX directory move utility. MVDIR will relocate complete directory trees and this version will even move them to another drive. READ - A highly modified version of the UNIX PG or MORE command, READ is a handy text file viewer which will recognize both UNIX and keypad commands and will read from STDIN or directly from files. RM - More powerful than the DOS DEL command, this utility will remove complete directory structures and is great for erasing floppies. Unlike some UNIX versions, RM will warn you before doing anything drastic. DOSNIX also includes versions of the CAT, TEE and TOUCH commands. ~general INSTALLING DOSNIX: DOSNIX is intended primarily for hard drives although individual DOSNIX utilities can be copied to a floppy disk. To install DOSNIX on your hard drive you can copy the files to any convenient directory, such as C:\DOSNIX and add the directory to the PATH statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If you don't have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file you can make one with the following two lines: PATH = C:;C:\DOSNIX PROMPT $P$G This will get you up and running with DOSNIX. DOSNIX OPTIONS: Most DOSNIX commands have a simple format which can be enhanced by the use of UNIX style option strings. The option string is always the first argument after the command and usually begins with a "-". See the Command Summary for the options available with each command. If you are used to MSDOS switches and find this awkward you can insert the following line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: SET SWITCH=/ (No space before or after "=") All commands except CHMOD and READ will then recognize a "/" as an option delimiter. If you don't use this feature, you can use slashes in path names, as in UNIX, and they will be converted to back slashes. INSTANT HELP: This document has now been keyed for quick command searches and a HELP.BAT file has been included. To obtain on-line help, type "help" and the name of the subject with which you want help. In addition, a brief summary of most commands can be obtained by typing the name of the command followed by a "-?". USING DOSNIX: DOSNIX is based on UNIX although the author has simplified some commands and enhanced others. Other commands have been modified slightly to make them more compatible with MSDOS. If you are familiar with UNIX you should have no problem with DOSNIX. If you are not familiar with UNIX, books on the subject are available in most book stores. My own personal favorite, if you can still find it, is: UNIX SYSTEM V PRIMER Waite, Martin & Pratha Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc. This book offers a lightly humorous treatment of UNIX and much of it is applicable to DOSNIX. DOSNIX has a great many options and features, which can be bewildering to the novice user. Pick out the commands and options you need the most and get familiar with them before moving on. LS is a great directory lister and it is a lot fun to play around with, but the -l option is all most people will ever need. The same is true with other commands. The options are there if you need them but don't feel you need to learn every one. You can experiment with DOSNIX by making a scratch directory or floppy and playing around with different commands. This procedure is highly recommended for destructive commands such as RM and DB. COMPATIBILITY: DOSNIX was written and tested using an XT clone with Phoenix BIOS and MSDOS 3.1 and 3.3. It was written very conservatively and should be upwardly compatible with with MSDOS 4.x, 5.x and most AT and 386 class machines. Compatibility with MSDOS 2.x is not guaranteed. Some utilities, such as READ and CLR, use BIOS level screen and keyboard functions and require an IBM compatible BIOS. Because all utilities use small or medium memory models, they should not require more than 192k of memory to run. NOTE: UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T Corporation. MSDOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. ~stdin ~stdout STANDARD INPUT (STDIN) AND STANDARD OUTPUT (STDOUT) DOSNIX utilities make extensive use of STDIN and STDOUT. STDIN is the keyboard unless you decide to redirect it. STDOUT is the screen unless you decide to redirect it. Redirection is done by using the MSDOS operators; <, >, >> and |. < used with a program that normally reads from STDIN. It tells MSDOS to use the contents of a file for STDIN. For example: more < dosnix.doc > writes STDOUT to a file. For example: cat dosnix.doc writes DOSNIX.DOC to the screen, while cat dosnix.doc > another.doc copies DOSNIX.DOC to ANOTHER.DOC. >> appends STDOUT to an existing file or writes STDOUT to a new file. For example: cat quickref.doc >> dosnix.doc appends QUICKREF.DOC to DOSNIX.DOC. Unfortunately this operator will leave an unwanted CTRL-Z between the two files. For this reason, DOSNIX includes an APP command. | The pipeline operator. Uses STDOUT as STDIN for a second program. For example: cat *.doc | read pipes all files with an extension of .DOC to READ. UNIX and DOSNIX provide an additional command, TEE, which will write STDOUT to the screen and store it in a file at the same time. For example: cat dosnix.doc | tee another.doc writes DOSNIX.DOC to the screen and stores it in ANOTHER.DOC. ~commands LIST OF DOSNIX COMMANDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APP append standard input to file(s). CAT Copy text file(s) to standard output. CHMOD Modify attribute(s) of file. CLR Set screen foreground, background and border colors. CP Copy file to new file or directory. CPDIR Copy directory and all subdirectories. DB Delete all files except specified files. EDC Easy Directory Change. FFIND Find all copies of file in specified path. GET Find all filenames containing specified string. LS List contents of directory. MV Move file to new file or directory. MVDIR Move directory and all subdirectories to new location. READ Display text file in page format. RM Remove file(s). RN Rename file or directory. SGREP Search text file(s) for specified string. SPLIT Split a text file into several smaller files. TEE Copy standard input to standard output and file(s). TOLOWER Convert standard input to lower case. TOUCH Modify file time and date. TOUPPER Convert standard input to upper case. WC Count lines, words and characters in a file. SUMMARY OF DOSNIX COMMANDS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ~app NAME: APP Append standard input to file. SYNTAX: app file1 [file2..file5] Appends standard input to up to five files. DESCRIPTION: APP is a non-UNIX command meant to replace the DOS ">>" operator. Using ">>" to append files will not remove the CTRL-Z from the end of the first file before appending, but using APP will. APP can be used with the dos "|" operator and any command which writes to standard output. For example: cat file1 file2 | app file3 appends the output of CAT to file3. See CAT. app < file1 file2 appends file1 to file2. WARNING: Do not use "app < file1 > file2". This will erase file2. APP is meant for use with text files only and use with binary files is not recommended. ~cat NAME: CAT Copy text file(s) to standard output. SYNTAX: cat Copies standard input to standard output. cat file1 Copies file1 to standard output. Usually the screen. cat file1 file2 > file3 Concatenates file1 and file2 and stores in file3. DESCRIPTION: CAT reads one or more files and copies them to STDOUT. If no input file is given, CAT will read STDIN until a CTRL-Z is found. For example: cat *.c > csource.txt will concatenate all files with an extension of .C and store them in CSOURCE.TXT. cat file1 file2 | app file3 concatenates file1 and file2 and appends the result to file3. cat > temp stores whatever is typed on the keyboard in TEMP and is similar to the DOS command COPY CON TEMP. CTRL-Z can be used to terminate this operation. Some versions of CAT will copy the CTRL-Z at the end of each file, leaving you stuck with a lot of unwanted CTRL-Z's in your new file. This version wont. CAT is meant for use with text files only and use with binary files is not recommended. ~chmod NAME: CHMOD Change attribute(s) of a file. SYNTAX: chmod [+x] file1 Adds attribute x to file1 chmod [-x] file1 Removes attribute x from file1 ATTRIBUTES: +a Set archive bit. -a Clear archive bit. +h Add hidden attribute. -h Remove hidden attribute. +r Add read only attribute. -r Remove read only attribute. +s Add system attribute. -s Remove system attribute. DESCRIPTION: CHMOD is used to modify the attributes of a file. Attributes can be grouped together in any sequence but each attribute must be preceded by a "+" or a "-". For example: chmod -a *.* removes the archive bit from all files in the current directory, chmod -a+r list.txt removes the archive bit and makes LIST.TXT read only, chmod +h+s widget.com makes WIDGET.COM a hidden, system file. ~clr NAME: CLR Set foreground, background and border colors. SYNTAX: clr Clears screen without resetting attributes. clr [-ab] fgnd [bkgnd [brdr]] Sets screen foreground, background and border colors. OPTIONS: a ANSI compatible mode. b Set foreground Bold attribute to ON. DESCRIPTION: CLR sets the screen foreground, background and border colors to those specified by the user. The following colors are supported: BLACK RED GREEN YELLOW AMBER BLUE MAGENTA CYAN WHITE Because yellow is high intensity amber, it is impossible to have a yellow background. Border colors will vary with the type of monitor. If only a foreground color is specified the background color defaults to black. The border color always defaults to the background color. To change the background color you need to specify the foreground color. To change the border color you need to specify foreground and background colors. For ease of use CLR will recognize the first three letters of any color name. For example: clr yel sets the foreground color to yellow with a black background and border, clr whi blu sets the foreground color to white and the background and border colors to blue, and clr red whi red sets the foreground color to red, the background color to white and the border color to red. The -b option sets the intensity of the foreground color to high. For example: clr -b red sets the foreground color to high intensity red. If the screen is cleared after using CLR, and ANSI.SYS is not installed, the screen will return to normal. This can be avoided by using CLR without arguments to clear the screen, or by installing ANSI.SYS. If ANSI.SYS is installed, CLR will detect it and generate the needed escape codes. A -a option has been provided to force ANSI mode if needed. ~cp NAME: CP Copy file to new file or directory. SYNTAX: cp [-abcfinopst] file1 file2 Copies file1 to file2 cp [-abcfinopst] file1 [file2..filen] dir Copies any number of files to directory. cp [-abcfinopst] dir1 dir2 Copies files in dir1 to dir2. cp -m source dest1 [dest2..destn] Makes multiple copies of source. Destination may be either file or directory. OPTIONS: a Copy hidden and system files. Prompt before overwriting protected files. b Copy only files with archive bit set. c Clear archive bits after copying. f Copy hidden and system files. Overwrite protected files without prompting. i Interactive mode. Prompts before copying. m Make multiple copies of single file. n No delete. Do not overwrite existing files. o Overwrite existing files without prompting. Does not overwrite protected files. p Preserve file attributes when copying. s Copy files without echoing to screen. t Update file time and date when copying. DESCRIPTION: CP copies one or more files to a new file or directory. If more than one source file is specified or wildcards are used, the last argument must specify an existing directory or an error will occur. If a directory is used as a source, all files in the directory will be copied but subdirectories will not be copied. Each file is echoed to the screen as it is copied and existing files are not overwritten without prompting. If an existing file is protected the user will be notified and prompted a second time before the file is overwritten. Options are provided to override these features when desired. If a Disk Full error occurs while copying files to a removable device, CP will prompt the user for a new diskette. The user may either continue, format a new disk or abort at this point. If a new disk is inserted, CP will create the directory if needed. To format disks, CP needs to access COMMAND.COM and FORMAT.COM, so set COMSPEC to point to your copy of COMMAND.COM and make sure FORMAT.COM is in a directory pointed to by PATH. The -i option will prompt the user for a yes or no answer before copying each file. Used with wildcards or directory names this option provides an interactive method of copying files. Hidden and system files can be copied using the -a option or the -f option. If the -f option is used all existing files, even protected files, will be overwritten without prompting the user. The -o option can be used overwrite existing files but will not overwrite protected files. If the -n option is used, no files will be overwritten and the user will not be prompted. The -n option overrides all other options in this respect. If the -s option is used, files will not be echoed to the screen when copying. This option can be used with the -o, -f or -n options when no screen output is desired. Unlike the MV command, file attributes are not carried over and the archive bit of the new file is set. The -p option can be used to preserve the attributes of the old file. In normal use CP will carry over the time and date of the old file. If the -t option is used, the new file will be stamped with the current DOS time and date. CP can be used for backups with the -b option. When this option is used, only archive files are copied. The -c option will clear the archive bit on both files after the copy is made. For example: cp -bco *.* a:\ copies only files in the current directory which have not been backed up. The archive bits are cleared and any previously existing files on drive A are overwritten. Sometimes it is necessary to copy a file to several different drives or directories. CP can be used with the -m option to make as many copies of a file as needed. ~cpdir NAME: CPDIR copy directory and all subdirectories. SYNTAX: cpdir [-abcfnopst] dir1 dir2 Copies dir1 to dir2. OPTIONS: a Copy hidden and system files. Prompt before overwriting protected files. b Copy only files with archive bit set. c Clear archive bits after copying. f Copy hidden and system files. Overwrite protected files without prompting. n No delete. Do not overwrite existing files. o Overwrite existing files without prompting. Does not overwrite protected files. p Preserve file attributes when copying. s Copy files without echoing to screen. t Update file time and date when copying. DESCRIPTION: CPDIR copies a complete directory to either a new or existing directory. If the target directory does not exist a new directory will be created. If the target directory does exist it will be used as the starting point. Note the difference between this and the MVDIR command. Subdirectories will be created when the files are copied. Options are identical to the the CP command with the exception of the -i and -m options which are not used. If a Disk Full error occurs while copying files to a floppy disk, CPDIR will prompt the user for a new diskette. The user may either continue, format a new disk or abort at this point. To format disks, CP needs to access COMMAND.COM and FORMAT.COM, so set COMSPEC to point to your copy of COMMAND.COM and make sure FORMAT.COM is in a directory pointed to by PATH. When the new diskette is formatted, CPDIR will create all the necessary directories and continue. ~db NAME: DB Delete all files except specified files. SYNTAX: db file1..filen Deletes all files in directory except specified files. OPTIONS: None DESCRIPTION: DB will delete all files in a directory except the files given as an argument. Wildcards can be used in arguments but path names are not supported. DB can only be used in the current directory. For example: db *.zip will delete all files that do not have an extension of .ZIP and, in fact, DB is an excellent tool for cleaning up around ZIP files and other archives. DB works by assigning a +h attribute to the specified files and then removing all normal files. The remaining files are then "unhidden". This can cause a problem with previously existing hidden files. If DB encounters any hidden files it, will safely abort leaving the directory unchanged. You will then have to use RM. WARNING: DB can be a deadly weapon if used carelessly. Use it only when you are sure of what you are doing. ~edc NAME: EDC Easy Directory Change. SYNTAX: edc [-klmnqrst] [d:]dir1 Changes directory to dir1. OPTIONS: k Do not pause when screen is full. l Scan drive and list directories. m Create directory and update path file. n Display directory tree without graphics. r Remove directory and update path file. s Scan drive. No screen output. t Display directory tree with graphics. q Quick scan. Do not look for extensions. DESCRIPTION: EDC allows you to change directories by entering only the directory name rather than the whole path name. For example, if you have a directory named \MODEM\FILES\ZIP you can reach the directory from anywhere on your drive by entering: edc zip instead of: cd \modem\files\zip If EDC finds more than one directory with the same name, it will display all directories found and prompt you to choose one. EDC can also find directories if given just the first few letters of the name. If you have a directory named \GAMES\POKER\BIGDECK, entering: edc big will find it. To change to a directory on a different drive, enter the drive spec and the directory name with no space or slash between them. For example if you are currently using drive C and you wish to change to D:\GAMES\BOARD\CHECKERS you can enter: edc d:checkers or edc d:check A drive spec can now be terminated by a semicolon as well as a colon. This allows you to change drives without hitting the shift key. To install EDC, copy EDC.EXE to the root directory of your boot drive or to any directory pointed to by the DOS PATH parameter. Then enter: edc -s EDC will scan your disk drive for directories and store them in a file named PATH.EDC . Because EDC refers to this file to find directories, it should remain in the root directory of your drive at all times. EDC needs to have a unique copy of PATH.EDC in the root directory of every drive with which it is used. To scan other drives you can enter: edc -s d: where "d" is the letter of the drive you are scanning. If you are using EDC with floppy disks it is sometimes more convenient to scan and change the directory in one step. For example: edc -s a:text will scan the floppy disk in drive A and change to a directory named TEXT. If a full path name or one of the standard DOS directory symbols ("\", "." or "..") is given, EDC will change directories immediately without checking PATH.EDC. If the -t option is used, EDC will display the directory tree on your screen while it is scanning. For redirection to non-IBM printers, the -n option will display the directory tree without using graphics characters. The -l option will display a list of directories instead of a tree. The screen will pause after displaying each page of information unless the -k option is used. If none of your directory names have extensions you can use the -q option with any of the above options for quicker scans. For example: edc -sq or edc -tq The -m and -r options can be used to create and remove directories. Rules for path names are the same as for DOS and PATH.EDC will be updated after each change. If other commands are used to create and remove directories you will have to rescan the affected drive. ~ffind NAME: FFIND Find all copies of file in specified path. SYNTAX: ffind [-abdfiklmnr?] [path] filename Finds all files in path with the same name. ffind -e "command {}" [path] filename Executes DOS command when each file is located. OPTIONS: a Include hidden and system files in search. b Batch mode, disable warning prompt. d Include directories in search. e Execute DOS command. f Include floppy drives in search. i Remove files interactively. k No highlights or screen pauses. l Display in long format, showing attributes, size, time and date. m Display totals for each directory. n Display output in lower case. r Remove files when found. ? Display help screen. DESCRIPTION: FFIND will search the specified path for all copies of a given file. "path" should be a valid directory name or drive spec. If "path" is omitted the search will begin from the root directory of the current drive. If "*:" is used for a path FFIND will search all available hard drives. Wild cards can be used in file names and all subdirectories will be searched. For example: ffind *.bak or ffind \ *.bak will search the entire current drive for all files named with an extension of .BAK. ffind d: temp will search all of drive D for all files named TEMP, ffind *: temp will search all hard drives for all files named TEMP, and ffind \games poker.exe will search the directory \GAMES and all subdirectories for all files named POKER.EXE. The -r option will delete files when found. For example: ffind -r c:\ *.bak will search drive c for all files with an extension of .BAK and remove them. The -i option is similar to the -r option except that the user is prompted before each file is removed. The -r option provides an initial warning prompt before execution. If you ever type "-r" when you really meant to type "-l" you will appreciate the need for this. The -b option will override this feature for unattended batch file operation. This option is intended for use in batch files only. Don't use it from the keyboard, or some day you will type in "ffind -rb" when you least intend to. FFIND will locate hidden and system files with the -a option but the -r option cannot be used to remove protected files. Use the -i option to remove these files. The -l option can be used to display complete information on each file located and the -k option will disable highlights and screen pauses, allowing the output to be redirected. The -m option will display the total number of matching files in each directory along with the total number of bytes used. For example: ffind -almk c:\ *.* > disk.map will create a complete usage map of the user's hard disk and store it in DISK.MAP. When "*:" is used as a drive spec, FFIND will ignore floppy drives unless the -f option is used. This eliminates the annoying wait on empty floppy drives. Floppy drives can still be searched directly without using the -f option. A semicolon can now be used to terminate a drive spec in place of a colon. In addition FFIND will consider ";;" equivalent to "*:" and search all drives. These modifications save a few key strokes. NOTE: FFIND uses the MSDOS LASTDRIVE parameter to determine the number of available drives. If FFIND attempts to search non-existent drives insert the following line in CONFIG.SYS: LASTDRIVE = x where x is the letter of your last logical drive. FFIND now has a -e option which will cause the program to shell to DOS and execute a command whenever a file is located. The name of the located file can be parsed into the command argument by inserting a pair of braces wherever you want the file to be used. For example: ffind -e "pkunzip {}" *.zip would unzip all the ZIP files on the current drive. If a null argument is used, FFIND will shell to DOS in the directory in which the file is located, giving you an opportunity to do whatever you want. For example: ffind -e "" test.txt The power of this option is limited only by your imagination. ~get NAME: GET Find all file names containing specified string. SYNTAX: get [-adfl?] [path] string Finds all files in path having string as part of file name. OPTIONS: a Include hidden and system files in search. d Include directories in search. f Include floppy drives in search. l Display in long format, showing attributes, size, time and date. ? Display help screen. DESCRIPTION: GET will search the specified path for all files having the specified string as part of the file name. If an extension is provided GET will locate only files with that extension, otherwise GET will locate all files regardless of extension. For example: get modem will locate QMODEM.DOC, JMODEM.ZIP and MODEMS.TXT. get ted.zip will locate TED.ZIP and TED12.ZIP but will ignore TED.COM. GET will locate hidden and system files with the -a option and the -l option can be used to display complete information on each file located. The -d option can be used to locate directories. There are no options to remove files. The "path" specification is identical to the FFIND command. If you are searching all drives, the output of GET can be quite long. Try piping it to READ. For example: get *: modems | read -f ~ls NAME: LS List contents of directory. SYNTAX: ls [-124acdefklnprtuxz?] [dir1]..[dirn] Displays contents of dir1..dirn ls [-124acdefklnprtuxz?] [fil1]..[filn] Lists fil1..filn OPTIONS: 1 Display one entry per line. 2 Display two entries per line with size and date. 4 Display four entries per line showing size only. a Display hidden and system files. c Display files sorted down each column. d Display file totals and free disk space. e Sort file names by extension. f Display files only. Omit directories. k Do not pause when screen is full. l Display files in long format, showing name, attributes, size, time and date. n Display file names in lower case. p Put a back slash after each subdirectory. r Reverse order of sort. t Sort files by time and date. u Do not sort files. x Display files sorted across screen. z Sort files by size. ? Display help screen. DESCRIPTION: LS displays the contents of a directory sorted across the screen in five columns. The arguments can be either files or directories. If wildcards are used, all matching files will be listed. Multiple arguments are accepted and more than one directory can be displayed. If no arguments are used, the contents of the current directory will be displayed. If no options are used, -xpd will be assumed and file totals will be displayed at the bottom of the listing. The -x option will display files sorted across the screen and is used in the default mode. The -c option will display files sorted down each column rather than across each row. If the -1 (one) option is used, one entry per line is displayed showing only the file name. If the -l option is used, one entry per line is displayed, showing name, attributes, size of file in bytes, and time and date of last modification. A modified DOS format is used which is more readable than the standard UNIX format. Attributes displayed in this format are: <DIR> Subdirectory. A Archive bit is set. R File is read only. H File is hidden. S File is system. At the end of each display the size of the directory in bytes is shown. The size of any subdirectories is not included in this figure. Also shown is the remaining disk space. LS now has two new display formats. The -2 option will display two entries per line showing file size and date and the -4 option will display four entries per line showing size only. In these two modes the files are sorted down each column. The -x option can be combined with either of these options to display files sorted horizontally. LS will pause after displaying one page of information. Typing "q" at this point will terminate the program. Typing any other key will continue the display. The -k option will suppress this feature and provide a continuous output which can be redirected. In addition, the -k option will eliminate any graphics characters, allowing the output to be redirected to a non-IBM printer. If the -a option is used, any hidden or system files contained in the directory are also displayed. The -f option will display file names only and omit any subdirectories. The -p option will append a back slash to the end of each subdirectory name, allowing the user to distinguish between files and subdirectories. This option will not work with the -l option. The -t option will will sort files by time and date and can be used with the -r option to display newest files first. The -e option will sort file names by extension and the -u option will provide unsorted output if so desired. The -d option can be used to to display file totals at the end of each directory and the -n option will provide lower case output if needed. LS can be custom configured by setting the environment variable "LSCFG" to the desired options. For example: set lscfg=le will cause LS to default to the long format, with files sorted by extension, unless an option is specified on the command line. LS is now EDC compatible. If EDC is installed, LS will accept partial directory names. LS will first look for an immediate directory with the specified name. If no directory is found it will check PATH.EDC for any matches. If no matches are found it will then check for a file with the given name. When using this feature the user is limited to one argument. If more than one directory is specified on the command line, PATH.EDC will not be searched. This feature has been made invisible so that LS can still be used as a stand-alone directory lister. As a result no error messages relating to EDC or PATH.EDC will be displayed. This version of LS will not recursively list subdirectories but the FFIND command can be used to obtain the same result. For example: ffind -lm dirname *.* ffind -lm . *.* ~mv NAME: MV Move file(s) to new file or directory. SYNTAX: mv [-afnost?] file1 file2 Moves (renames) file1 to file2. mv [-afnost?] file1 [file2..filen] dir1 Moves any number of files to dir1. mv dir1 dir2 Renames dir1 to dir2. dir1 and dir2 must be in the same parent directory. OPTIONS: a Move read only, hidden and system files. Prompt before overwriting protected files. f Move and overwrite all files without prompting. i Interactive mode. Prompt before moving. n No delete. Do not overwrite existing files. o Overwrite existing files without prompting. s Move files without echoing to screen. t Update file time and date when moving. ? Display help screen. DESCRIPTION: MV moves one or more files to a new file or directory. If more than one source file is specified or wildcards are used, the last argument must specify an existing directory or an error will occur. If a directory is used as a source, all files in the directory will be moved but subdirectories will not be moved. Each file is echoed to the screen as it is moved and existing files are not overwritten without prompting. If an existing file is protected the user will be notified and prompted a second time before the file is overwritten. Options are provided to override these features when desired. The -i option will prompt the user for a yes or no answer before moving each file. Used with wildcards or directory names this option provides an interactive method of moving files. In normal use MV, ignores hidden and system files and prompts the user before moving read only files. Hidden and system files can be moved using the -a option or the -f option. The -a option will move read only, hidden and system files without prompting but will still prompt the user before overwriting protected files. If the -f option is used all existing files, even protected files, will be overwritten without prompting the user. The -o option can be used overwrite existing files without prompting but will not overwrite protected files. If the -n option is used, no existing files will be overwritten and the user will not be prompted. The -n option overrides all other options in this respect. If the -s option is used, filenames will not be echoed to the screen when moving. This option can be used with the -o, -f or -n options when no screen output is desired. In normal use MV will carry over the time and date of the old file. If the -t option is used, the new file will be stamped with the current DOS time and date. Unlike the CP command, MV will also carry over the attributes of the old file. ~mvdir NAME: MVDIR Move directory and all subdirectories to new location. SYNTAX: mv dir1 dir2 Moves dir1 to dir2 OPTIONS: s Move files without echoing to screen. ? Display help screen. DESCRIPTION: MVDIR will move a directory and all its subdirectories to the specified target. If the target directory does not exist a new directory will be created. If the target directory does exist a directory will be created within the target directory having the same name as the old directory. MVDIR has three modes of operation totally independent of user input. If both old and new directories are in the same parent directory, MVDIR will rename the old directory. If old and new directories are not in the same parent directory but reside on the same drive, MVDIR will create the new directory structure, rename the files and then remove the old directory. If old and new directories reside on different drives MVDIR will create the new directory structure, copy the files over and then remove the old files and directories. If an error occurs in this last mode, such as a disk full error, MVDIR will abort and leave the old directory intact. ~read NAME: READ Display text in page format. SYNTAX: read [-f][+#] Displays standard input one page at a time. read [+#][+\string] file1..filen Displays contents of files one page at a time. OPTIONS: -f Store standard input in temporary file before displaying. +### Begin displaying at line ###. +\string Begin displaying at first occurrence of string. DESCRIPTION: READ is a text file viewer which can read from STDIN like the DOS MORE command, or directly from a file. For example: read < dosnix.doc and read dosnix.doc will both display DOSNIX.DOC. Wild cards and multiple arguments can be used to view several files in sequence. For example: read *.doc can be used to page through all .DOC files, and read whats.new quickref.doc will first read WHATS.NEW, then QUICKREF.DOC. When READ begins, it will display one page of text and then pause. The user can then enter one of the following commands: <space> Toggle continuous scroll. <PgDn> Clear screen and display next page. ^D, D, ] Display next half page of text. Enter or Display next line of text. Down Arrow <PgUp>, ^B Clear screen and display previous page. ^U, U, [ Move back one half page. Up Arrow Move back one line. Right Arrow Shift screen one tab stop right. Left Arrow Shift screen one tab stop left. H, Backspace Display help page. ^L, . Rewrite current page. Home Move to beginning of file. End or $ Move to end of file. N Display next file. P Return to previous file. \ Search text for string. Ignore case. | Search text for string. Match exact case. / Search text for next occurrence of string. -### Move back ### lines. +### Move forward ### lines. ### Move to line number ###. Q, Esc Terminate the program. The escape key can be used to interrupt text searches and exit the help screen. It will also terminate the program from the main menu. F10 or Del can be used in place of Esc and ^PgUp and ^PgDn can be used in place of Home and End. The number of the top line is displayed on the menu bar unless the end of file message is visible, then the line number displayed will be the last line of the file. Unless the file is very small, you can use PgUp to realign the last page and get rid of the message. If the number keys are used to go to a line already on the screen, the screen will scroll until the line is at the top. Otherwise the screen will clear and a new page will be displayed. READ now has a unique method of utilizing the space bar. Instead of displaying one page of text and halting, pressing the spacebar will cause the text to scroll until the spacebar is pressed again. This allows you to halt the display at any desired position. The scroll rate can be adjusted by pressing the up and down arrows while the text is moving. Don't try to control the text with the arrow keys. Use them to adjust the scroll rate then control the text with the spacebar. From the main menu you can still use the arrow keys to scroll up and down. Because READ resets the file pointer on any backward movement, using the up arrow for continuous scrolling can cause a lot of drive thrashing with fragmented files. It is best used for small adjustments of the page. Text searches can be done by typing a "\" or a "|". You will then be prompted to enter a search string. READ will begin displaying ten lines before the line containing the search string and the matching line will be highlighted. The "\" command will ignore differences between upper and lower case. The "|" command will find only strings having the exact case as the search string. Typing a "/" will find the next occurrence of the string and will work with either of the two previous commands. Searches can not be done when reading from standard input. If +\string is used as an option, READ will search the first occurrence of "string" before displaying. For example: read +\ffind dosnix.doc will scan DOSNIX.DOC for the first occurrence of "ffind" and begin displaying ten lines before the first matching line. Case sensitive searches can also be initiated from the command line. Because "|" is a DOS operator it will be necessary to put the argument in quotes. For example: read "+|FFIND" dosnix.doc READ can handle files containing up to 10,000 lines although text searches can be very slow on large files. When +### is used as an option, READ will begin displaying at whatever line number is given after the plus sign. For example: read +300 dosnix.doc will begin displaying at line 300. Output from other programs can be piped to READ using the "|" operator. When displaying redirected input, search and back scroll commands are not available and lines longer than 80 columns will be wrapped. A '-f' option has been provided which will dump redirected input into a temporary file before reading, making the full range of commands available. For example: ffind -m c:\ *.* | read -f will allow the user to page through the output of FFIND which in this case is a complete list of files on drive C. Typing "read" by itself with no arguments will echo whatever is typed on the keyboard. This is also true for CAT and other commands which are capable of reading STDIN. This can be confusing for novice users. To get out of this mode type CTRL-Z followed by a carriage return. ~rm NAME: RM Remove file(s). SYNTAX: rm [-fis] file1...filen Removes files. rm -r[fis] dir1..dirn Completely removes directories. OPTIONS: f Remove protected files without prompting. i Remove files interactively. r Recursively remove subdirectories. s Remove files without echoing to screen. DESCRIPTION: RM is the UNIX equivalent of the MSDOS DEL command. If a protected file is specified, RM will prompt you before removing it unless the -f option is used. This version of RM will display each filename as it is removed. You can use the -s option to override this feature. The -i option can be used with wildcards to allow you to pick and choose which files will be removed. For example: rm -i *.* will display each filename in the current directory and prompt you for a yes or no answer before deleting. The -r option is used to remove directories. A directory cannot be removed unless this option is used. The directory along with all files and subdirectories will be completely removed. If you are using RM to remove a directory on another drive, make sure that the drive is not logged in to the directory you are removing. RM cannot remove the current directory of any drive. If the root directory of any drive is specified, all files and directories on the drive will be removed. The root directory itself can not be removed. For example: rm -r a:\ will remove everything on drive A. RM is a great tool for erasing floppy disks but it is also capable of wiping out your hard disk. Use it with care. RM will now accept multiple arguments, making it easier to clean up directories. It is okay to mix file names and directory names as long as the -r option is used. ~rn NAME: RN Rename file or directory. SYNTAX: rn oldfile newfile Renames oldfile to newfile. rn oldfile dir Relocates oldfile to dir. rn olddir newdir Renames olddir to newdir. OPTIONS: none DESCRIPTION: RN is similar to the MV command but is much more limited in scope. Only one file or directory can be renamed at a time and wild cards are not permitted. Files can not be relocated to another drive and directories can only be renamed within the parent directory. Because of its small size, RN is very useful for floppy drive systems where space is limited. ~sgrep NAME: SGREP Search text file(s) for specified string. SYNTAX: sgrep [-chilnv] string file1...filen Searches file1..filen for string. sgrep [-cinv] string Searches STDIN for string. OPTIONS: -c Print only a count of matching lines. -h Do not print file names. -i Ignore differences between upper and lower case. -l Print only the names of files with matching lines. -n Print line numbers of matching lines. -v Print only lines that don't match. DESCRIPTION: SGREP is a simplified version of the UNIX FGREP command and is similar to the MSDOS FIND command. SGREP will search one or more files for a specified text string and display each line in which the string is found. Unlike FIND, SGREP will accept wild cards and multiple arguments as filenames. It is not necessary to enclose the search string in quotes unless it contains a space. For example: sgrep Zmodem rta.log will find all references to Zmodem in RTA.LOG and sgrep "File Express" rta.log will find all references to File Express. A -i option has been provided to ignore case differences when searching. For example: sgrep -i zmodem rta.log will locate all references to ZMODEM, zmodem or Zmodem. If more than one file is being searched, SGREP will precede each line displayed with the name of the file in which it is found. The -h option will suppress this feature. The -n option will display the number of each line. For example: sgrep -n Zmodem *.log will display each line containing "Zmodem" preceded by the name of the file and the number of the line, while sgrep -h Zmodem *.log will display only lines containing "Zmodem" with no file name or line number. If the -n option is used SGREP will display only the names of files containing matching lines. The -c option is similar but will also give a count of matching lines. The -v option displays lines that do NOT match the search string. ~split NAME: SPLIT Split a text file into several smaller files. SYNTAX: split [-###] Splits standard input into several small files. split [-###] file Splits file into smaller files. OPTIONS: -### Set output file size to ### lines. DESCRIPTION: SPLIT will divide a text file into smaller files of 1000 lines each. If a smaller or larger output file size is desired, the number of lines can be specified as an option. Output files are named by adding extensions of .XAA, .XAB, etc. to the source file name. When reading from standard input output files are named XAA, XAB, etc. For example: split -500 dosnix.doc will divide DOSNIX.DOC into files of 500 lines each named DOSNIX.XAA, DOSNIX.XAB, DOSNIX.XAC .... , while cat dosnix.doc | split -250 will divide DOSNIX.DOC into files of 250 lines each named XAA, XAB, XAC .... This allows for up to 676 output files although it is not wise to split up a file into that many pieces. Files can be re- assembled after editing, or other modifications, by using CAT. ~tee NAME: TEE Copy standard input to standard output and file(s). SYNTAX: tee [-a] file1 [file2]..[file5] Copies STDIN to STDOUT and file1..file5. OPTIONS: a Append output to specified file[s] s Suppress standard output. DESCRIPTION: TEE can be used with the DOS "|" operator and any command which writes to standard output. For example: cat file1 file2 | tee file3 concatenates file1 and file2 while displaying them on the screen and stores them in file3. ls -lb dir1 | tee file1 displays dir1 in long format and stores the output in file1. The -a option can be used to append the output to existing files. If the -a option is not used, existing files will be overwritten. For example: tee -a file2 <file1 displays file1 and appends it to the end of file2 tee file2 <file1 displays file1 and overwrites file2. The -s option can be used to suppress standard output and write to specified files only. For example: cat source1 | tee -s file1 file2 file3 will make multiple copies of source1 without displaying it on the screen. TEE is meant for use with text files only and use with binary files is not recommended. ~tolower NAME: TOLOWER Convert to lower case. SYNTAX: tolower Converts STDIN to lower case and writes to STDOUT. DESCRIPTION: TOLOWER is a filter which will convert all upper case characters to lower case. All other characters are left unchanged. For example: tolower < file1 > file2 converts file1 to lower case and stores the result in file2. ~touch NAME: TOUCH Modify file date and time. SYNTAX: touch [-t] [mm/dd/yy;hh:mm:ss] file1 Changes date and time of file1 OPTIONS: t User selected time and date. DESCRIPTION: TOUCH will change the date and time of the specified file to the current DOS date and time. If the -t option is used the user can supply the date and time as the next argument in the format mm/dd/yy;hh:mm:ss. If the date and time argument is omitted the user is prompted to enter the date and time of his choice. Wildcards can be used in file names. ~toupper NAME: TOUPPER Convert to upper case. SYNTAX: toupper Converts STDIN to upper case and writes to STDOUT. DESCRIPTION: TOUPPER is a filter which will convert all lower case characters to upper case. All other characters are left unchanged. For example: toupper < file1 > file2 converts file1 to upper case and stores the result in file2. ~wc NAME: WC Count lines, words and characters in a file. SYNTAX: wc Counts lines, words and characters in STDIN. wc [-clw] file1[..filen] Counts lines words and characters in file1..filen. OPTIONS: -c Print character count only. -l Print line count only. -w Print word count only. DESCRIPTION: WC will count the number of lines, words and characters in one or more text files and display the totals on the screen. Options are provided to print a count of lines only, words only or characters only. If no options are used WC will display all three counts. For example: wc dosnix.doc will display the total number of lines, words and characters in DOSNIX.DOC, while wc -l dosnix.doc will display only the number of lines in DOSNIX.DOC, and wc -w *.doc will display the number of words in each file with an extension of .DOC. A word is considered to be one or more characters delimited by a blank, tab or a newline. WC will also read from STDIN. For example: cat *.c | wc will give the total number of lines, words and characters in all .C files. If WC is reading from a file, the name of each file will be printed after the count. When reading from STDIN, no file name is printed. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY This software and manual are sold "as is" and without warranties as to performance of merchantability or any other warranties whether expressed or implied. Because of the various hardware and software environments into which this program may be put, no warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is offered. Good data processing procedure dictates that any program be thoroughly tested with non-critical data before relying on it. The user must assume the entire risk of using the program. Any liability of the seller will be limited exclusively to product replacement or refund of purchase price. ~registration DOSNIX ver. 1.2j is the product of many hours of design, testing and debugging. If you use this utility package beyond a reasonable period of time for evaluation, you are requested to show your support for DOSNIX by registering. When you register you will be sent a copy of the latest version. The fee for registration is $25.00. Copies of DOSNIX ver. 1.2j can be made and distributed provided that all utilities, documentation and licensing information are included. Even if you do not use this program you are encouraged to share it with your friends and to upload it to bulletin boards. Shareware dealers are free to distribute this program provided that they comply with the guidelines given in VENDOR.DOC. Businesses are invited to use DOSNIX on a trial basis and then to apply for a site license. Please write to me at the address below to register or to obtain information on site licenses. Gerald M. Vrooman RD 1 Box 56 Chenango Forks, NY 13746 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DOSNIX REGISTRATION NAME: ____________________________________________________________ ADDRESS: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____ Single user registration @ $25.00 ____________ ____ Registration plus upgrade @ $30.00 ____________ ____ Basic Site License @ $65.00 ____________ (Up to three computers) ____ Additional computers @ $20.00 ____________ Total amount enclosed ____________ Please circle one: 5.25" disk 3.5" disk